CIDOC CRM Objects
From ClarosWiki
Objects
For the purposes of CLAROS, objects are "man-made objects" in the sense of CRM E22.Man-Made_Object.
Template for object
<crm:E22.Man-Made_Object rdf:about="$UNIQUE_URI"> <!-- Label and title (REQUIRED) --> <!-- Preferred identifier (RECOMMENDED) --> <!-- Object type (REQUIRED) --> <!-- Sub-type or attribution classification event (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Production event (OPTIONAL: gives date) --> <!-- Augmentation event (e.g. decoration) (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Find location (OPTIONAL) --> <!-- Other location (e.g. collection) (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Reference to referring document (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Link to thumbnail image of object (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Link to image of object (OPTIONAL, MULTIPLE) --> <!-- Link to source information on the Web (REQUIRED) --> </crm:E22.Man-Made_Object>
- $UNIQUE_URI
- A globally unique URI that serves to identify this object. All references to the object within data exported from a source dataset should use the same URI.
- There is no requirement that data from different sources use the same URI, but it is important that the same URI is not used to refer to different objects. Typically, the URI is generated using some combination of the source database or web site URI and a primary key value for the object within the source database - this is generally sufficient to ensure uniqueness.
Label and title
This should appear exactly once for each object.
<rdfs:label>$LABEL</rdfs:label>
<crm:P102.has_title>
<crm:E35.Title>
<rdf:value>$TITLE</rdf:value>
</crm:E35.Title>
</crm:P102.has_title>
- $LABEL
- A short human-readable label for describing the object in user interfaces. Multiple labels may be given in different languages.
- $TITLE
- A (definitive) descriptive title for the object; this may be the same as a $LABEL string. CLAROS may target this value when searching for an object.
Preferred identifier
This should appear exactly once for each object described. (If not specified, the object's $UNIQUE_URI value may be used when an identifier for the object is required.)
<crm:P48.has_preferred_identifier>
<crm:E42.Identifier>
<rdf:value>$IDENTIFIER</rdf:value>
</crm:E42.Identifier>
</crm:P48.has_preferred_identifier>
- $IDENTIFIER
- A string value that serves to uniquely identify the object within its source dataset. This would typically be usable to construct a primary key for extracting information about the object from the source database.
Object type
Basic type of object, not subject to debate (e.g. pottery, statue, gem, etc.). Applications may expect to find different types of information associated with different object types (e.g. pottery objects having a shape, but statues not).
<crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:E55.Type rdf:about="$OBJECT_TYPE_URI">
<rdf:value>$OBJECT_TYPE</rdf:value>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;ObjectType" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P2.has_type>
- $OBJECT_TYPE
- A string that identifies a particular type of object; e.g. "pottery", "statue", gem.
- $OBJECT_TYPE_URI
- A URI that identifies a particular type of object: the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying this value is optional, but including it with an appropriately allocated URI for each object type improves efficiency of the CLAROS data web by reducing the amount of data to be stored.
CLAROS defines a set of object types about which it knows, each associated with a specific URI. For efficiency, ease of maintenance, and ease of localization, a preferred way to define an object type is to refer to the CLAROS-defined URI, thus:
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="$OBJECT_TYPE_URI" />
- $OBJECT_TYPE_URI
- The CLAROS-defined URI for the object type.
See also: CIDOC CRM Types.
Exceptions for LIMC
The LIMC database organizes type information differently, overlapping areas such as technique. For LIMC data export, instead of generating values for claros:ObjectType, generate some special type annotations to which inference rules can be applied to yield corresponding object type values:
<crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:E55.Type rdf:about="$LIMC_DOMAINE_URI">
<rdf:value>$LIMC_DOMAINE</rdf:value>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;LIMC_Domaine" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:E55.Type rdf:about="$LIMC_SUPPORT_URI">
<rdf:value>$LIMC_SUPPORT</rdf:value>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;LIMC_Support" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P2.has_type>
- $LIMC_DOMAINE
- A string that is an LIMC database "Domaine" value.
- $LIMC_DOMAINE_URI
- A URI that identifies a particular LIMC database "Domaine" value: the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying this value is optional, but including it with an appropriately allocated URI for each LIMC "Domaine" value improves efficiency of the CLAROS data web by reducing the amount of data to be stored. - $LIMC_SUPPORT
- A string that is an LIMC database "Support" value.
- $LIMC_SUPPORT_URI
- A URI that identifies a particular LIMC database "Support" value: the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying this value is optional, but including it with an appropriately allocated URI for each LIMC "Support" value improves efficiency of the CLAROS data web by reducing the amount of data to be stored.
Condition state
Describes some aspect of the object's current condition or state.
<crm:P44.has_condition>
<crm:E3.Condition_State>
<crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:E55.Type rdf:about="$CONDITION_URI">
<rdf:value>$CONDITION</rdf:value>
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P2.has_type>
</crm:E3.Condition_State>
</crm:P44.has_condition>
- $CONDITION
- A string that identifies a particular condition or state of an object; e.g. "broken", "vollstanding".
- $CONDITION_URI
- A URI that identifies a particular condition or state of an object: the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying this value is optional, but including it with an appropriately allocated URI for each condition value improves efficiency of the CLAROS data web by reducing the amount of data to be stored.
CLAROS defines a set of condition states about which it knows, each associated with a specific URI. For efficiency, ease of maintenance, and ease of localization, a preferred way to define a condition state is to refer to the CLAROS-defined URI, thus:
<crm:E3.Condition_State> <crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="$CONDITION_URI" /> </crm:E3.Condition_State>
See also: CIDOC CRM Types.
TODO: rationalize condition definitions and provide multilingual labels
Sub-type or attribution classification event
Documents a scholarly opinion about the object sub-type, construction or who was involved in the object's production or augmentation.
<crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
<crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
<!-- Attributing scholar (OPTIONAL) -->
<crm:P14.carried_out_by>
<crm:E39.Actor>
<rdfs:label>$ATTRIBUTOR</rdfs:label>
</crm:E39.Actor>
</crm:P14.carried_out_by>
<!-- PLUS at least one of the following type assignments -->
<!-- Fabric -->
<!-- Shape -->
<!-- Technique -->
<!-- Artist -->
</crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
</crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
- $ATTRIBUTOR
- Name of the scholar who determined this assignment
TODO: use CRM actor appellation instead of rdfs:label
TODO: use rdf:value rather than rdfs:label (below) to define type-identifying text strings, for consistency.
Fabric
Fabric is the kind of clay material from which a Roman amphora was made, among other things.
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>$FABRIC</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;Fabric" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
- $FABRIC
- A name identifying the kind of clay material from which an amphora was constructed.
TODO: check this.
Shape
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>$SHAPE_TERMS</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;Shape" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
- $SHAPE_TERMS
- One or more terms describing the shape of a pottery object. The main shape classification term should ideally come first, followed by other terms that identify finer distinctions. E.g., "Amphora, Neck" (the comma is allowed but not required).
Technique
Decorative(?) technique used on a vase.
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>$TECHNIQUE</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;Technique" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
- $TECHNIQUE
- A string value identifying a decorative technique used on a vase; e.g., "BLACK-FIGURE"
Artist
Artist associated with an object.
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>$ARTIST_NAME</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="&claros;Artist" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
- $ARTIST_NAME
- String containing name of artist associated with an object.
Production event
Describes the event in which the object was initially created or produced. This event is associated with the time period within which the object is believed to have been made.
<crm:P108I.was_produced_by>
<crm:E12.Production>
<rdfs:label>$EVENT_LABEL</rdfs:label>
<crm:P126.employed>
<crm:E57.Material>
<rdfs:label>$MATERIAL_LABEL</rdfs:label>
</crm:E57.Material>
</crm:P126.employed>
<crm:P4.has_time-span>
$PERIOD
</crm:P4.has_time-span>
</crm:E12.Production>
</crm:P108I.was_produced_by>
- $EVENT_LABEL
- String value identifying the object production event
- $MATERIAL_LABEL
- String value identifying a material used in producing the object
- $PERIOD
- Indicates a period of time within which the production took place. See CIDOC_CRM_Periods for details.
TODO: why is this not part of the assignment structure? Surely dating is as much a matter of scholarly opinion as the other features covered there.
TODO: use rdf:value for material identifier?
Material used
One way to indicate the material an object is made from is via the production event description (see above). Another way is shown here:
<crm:P45.consists_of>
<crm:E57.Material rdf:about="$MATERIAL_URI">
<rdfs:label>$MATERIAL_LABEL</rdfs:label>
<crm:P1.is_identified_by>
<crm:E41.Appellation rdf:about="$MATERIAL_NAME_URI">
<rdf:value>$MATERIAL_NAME</rdf:value>
</crm:E41.Appellation>
</crm:P1.is_identified_by>
</crm:E57.Material>
</crm:P45.consists_of>
- $MATERIAL_URI
- URI for this material (optional but recommended)
- $MATERIAL_LABEL
- Label for this material (optional; may be the same as $MATERIAL_NAME)
- $MATERIAL_NAME_URI
- URI for material name (optional)
- $MATERIAL_NAME
- Name of material
TODO: negotiate for common format across sources to describe material used.
TODO: create common URIs for common materials, define via CRM E55.Type values
Augmentation event or feature on object
Describes an event in which a feature was added to the object, or it was otherwise augmented; e.g. decoration applied to pot.
<crm:P111I.was_added_by>
<crm:E79.Part_Addition>
<crm:P111.added>
<crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature rdf:about="$FEATURE_URI">
<crm:P3.has_note>
<crm:E62.String>
<crm:has_PrimitiveString>$FEATURE_DESCRIPTION</crm:has_PrimitiveString>
</crm:E62.String>
</crm:P3.has_note>
</crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature>
</crm:P111.added>
</crm:E79.Part_Addition>
</crm:P111I.was_added_by>
Where:
- $FEATURE_URI
- A URI identifying this feature. This value, and the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying it, are optional. - $FEATURE_DESCRIPTION
- A description of the added feature, and possibly indicating where on the object it appears; e.g., "A,B: TRIPTOLEMOS ON WINGED CHARIOT BETWEEN DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE".
An alternative structure, without provision for indicating where the feature appears on the object, is this:
<crm:P56.bears_feature>
<crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature rdf:about="$FEATURE_URI">
<rdfs:label>$FEATURE_LABEL</rdfs:label>
<crm:P102.has_title>
<crm:E35.Title>
<rdf:value>$FEATURE_DESCRIPTION</rdf:value>
</crm:E35.Title>
</crm:P102.has_title>
</crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature>
</crm:P56.bears_feature>
Where:
- $FEATURE_LABEL
- A short textual label for the feature. May be the same as $FEATURE_DESCRIPTION.
- $FEATURE_URI
- A URI identifying this feature. This value, and the
rdf:aboutattribute specifying it, are optional. - $FEATURE_DESCRIPTION
- A description of the feature; e.g., "Büste des Augustus im Profil".
TODO: consider negotiating to use a common form in all data sources.
Find location
Location where object was discovered (provenance).
The structure here may seem a bit strange: essentially it describes a "find object" event associated with the object, and attaches location information to that event.
<crm:P16I.was_used_for>
<crm:E7.Activity>
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="&claros;Event_FindObject" />
<crm:P7.took_place_at>
$PLACE
</crm:P7.took_place_at>
</crm:E7.Activity>
</crm:P16I.was_used_for>
or:
<crm:P16I.was_used_for>
<crm:E7.Activity>
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="&claros;Event_FindObject" />
<crm:P7.took_place_at rdf:resource="$PLACE_URI" />
</crm:E7.Activity>
</crm:P16I.was_used_for>
Where:
- $PLACE
- Description of place. See CIDOC_CRM_Places for further details
- $PLACE_URI
- URI of place described elsewhere.
Other location
Any current or former location of the object (can include find location, but that should be distinguished as shown above).
<crm:P53.has_former_or_current_location>
$PLACE
</crm:P53.has_former_or_current_location>
or
<crm:P53.has_former_or_current_location rdf:resource="$PLACE_URI" />
Where:
- $PLACE
- Description of place. See CIDOC_CRM_Places for further details
- $PLACE_URI
- URI of place described elsewhere.
Reference to referring document
Describe document that describes or references the current object.
<crm:P67I.is_referred_to_by>
<crm:E31.Document>
<rdfs:label>$REFERENCE</rdfs:label>
</crm:E31.Document>
</crm:P67I.is_referred_to_by>
- $REFERENCE
- String describing document that mentions the current object.
Link to thumbnail image of object
Indicates a web-accessible image of the object, which should be small and freely accessible.
<crm:P138I.has_representation>
<crm:E38.Image rdf:about="$IMAGE_URI">
<rdfs:label>$IMAGE_LABEL</rdfs:label>
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="&claros;Thumbnail"/>
</crm:E38.Image>
</crm:P138I.has_representation>
Where:
- $IMAGE_URI
- URI that can be used to retrieve the thumbnail image of the object
- $IMAGE_LABEL
- Label describing the image at the specifed URI. The
<rdfs:label>element is optional.
Link to image of object
Indicates a web-accessible image of the object, which may be of any size, and to which access may be restricted.
<crm:P138I.has_representation>
<crm:E38.Image rdf:about="$IMAGE_URI">
<rdfs:label>$IMAGE_LABEL</rdfs:label>
</crm:E38.Image>
</crm:P138I.has_representation>
Where:
- $IMAGE_URI
- URI that can be used to retrieve an image of the object
- $IMAGE_LABEL
- Label describing the image at the specifed URI. The
<rdfs:label>element is optional.
Link to source information on Web
Link to a definitive web page at the providing partner's web site.
<crm:P70I.is_documented_in rdf:resource="$PAGE_URI" />
Where:
- $PAGE_URI
- URI at which a web page describing the object can be retrieved.
Examples
Beazley archive object record (part)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
<!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">
<!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
<!ENTITY crm "http://purl.org/NET/crm-owl#">
<!ENTITY claros "http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#">
<!ENTITY claros_place "http://purl.org/NET/Claros/place#">
<!ENTITY claros_placeid "http://purl.org/NET/Claros/placeid#">
]>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:crm="http://purl.org/NET/crm-owl#"
xmlns:claros="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#">
<crm:E22.Man-Made_Object rdf:about="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/AA1CD952-927D-41D7-B7AF-39520936CF95">
<rdfs:label>1, Munich, Antikensammlungen, 1539</rdfs:label>
<crm:P102.has_title>
<crm:E35.Title>
<rdf:value>1, Munich, Antikensammlungen, 1539</rdf:value>
</crm:E35.Title>
</crm:P102.has_title>
<crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdf:value>Pottery</rdf:value>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#ObjectType" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P2.has_type>
<crm:P48.has_preferred_identifier>
<crm:E42.Identifier>
<rdf:value>Pottery 1</rdf:value>
</crm:E42.Identifier>
</crm:P48.has_preferred_identifier>
<crm:P108I.was_produced_by>
<crm:E12.Production>
<rdfs:label>Production of 1, Munich, Antikensammlungen, 1539</rdfs:label>
<crm:P126.employed>
<crm:E57.Material>
<rdfs:label>Pottery</rdfs:label>
</crm:E57.Material>
</crm:P126.employed>
<crm:P4.has_time-span>
<crm:E52.Time-Span>
<crm:P82.at_some_time_within>
<crm:E61.Time_Primitive>
<claros:not_before rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">-550</claros:not_before>
<claros:not_after rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">-500</claros:not_after>
</crm:E61.Time_Primitive>
</crm:P82.at_some_time_within>
</crm:E52.Time-Span>
</crm:P4.has_time-span>
</crm:E12.Production>
</crm:P108I.was_produced_by>
<crm:P111I.was_added_by>
<crm:E79.Part_Addition>
<crm:P111.added>
<crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature>
<crm:P3.has_note>
<crm:E62.String>
<crm:has_PrimitiveString>A,B: TRIPTOLEMOS ON WINGED CHARIOT BETWEEN DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE</crm:has_PrimitiveString>
</crm:E62.String>
</crm:P3.has_note>
</crm:E25.Man-Made_Feature>
</crm:P111.added>
</crm:E79.Part_Addition>
</crm:P111I.was_added_by>
<crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
<crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>ATHENIAN</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#Fabric" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>BLACK-FIGURE</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#Technique" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>AMPHORA, NECK</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#Shape" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
</crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
</crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
<crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
<crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#Attribution_" />
<crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:E55.Type>
<rdfs:label>LEAGROS GROUP</rdfs:label>
<crm:P127.has_broader_term rdf:resource="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#Artist" />
</crm:E55.Type>
</crm:P42.assigned>
<crm:P14.carried_out_by>
<crm:E39.Actor>
<rdfs:label>KUNZE-GOTTE</rdfs:label>
</crm:E39.Actor>
</crm:P14.carried_out_by>
</crm:E17.Type_Assignment>
</crm:P14I.was_classified_by>
<crm:P16I.was_used_for>
<crm:E7.Activity>
<crm:P2.has_type rdf:resource="&claros;Event_FindObject" />
<crm:P7.took_place_at>
<crm:E53.Place>
<crm:P87.is_identified_by>
<crm:E48.Place_Name>
<rdf:value>VULCI</rdf:value>
</crm:E48.Place_Name>
</crm:P87.is_identified_by>
<crm:P89.falls_within>
<crm:E53.Place>
<crm:P87.is_identified_by>
<crm:E48.Place_Name>
<rdf:value>ETRURIA</rdf:value>
</crm:E48.Place_Name>
</crm:P87.is_identified_by>
</crm:E53.Place>
</crm:P89.falls_within>
</crm:E53.Place>
</crm:P7.took_place_at>
</crm:E7.Activity>
</crm:P16I.was_used_for>
<crm:P53.has_former_or_current_location>
<crm:E53.Place>
<crm:P87.is_identified_by>
<crm:E48.Place_Name>
<rdf:value>Munich, Antikensammlungen: 1539</rdf:value>
</crm:E48.Place_Name>
</crm:P87.is_identified_by>
</crm:E53.Place>
</crm:P53.has_former_or_current_location>
<crm:P138I.has_representation>
<crm:E38.Image rdf:about="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/Vases/SPIFF/Images200/GER37/CVA.GER37.1830.2/cc001001.jpe">
<rdfs:label>Image of 1, Munich, Antikensammlungen, 1539</rdfs:label>
</crm:E38.Image>
</crm:P138I.has_representation>
<crm:P67I.is_referred_to_by>
<crm:E31.Document>
<rdfs:label>Measham, T., Spathari, E. and Donnelly, P. (eds.), 1000 Years of the Olympic Games, Treasures of Ancient Greece (Sydney, 2000): testref2</rdfs:label>
</crm:E31.Document>
</crm:P67I.is_referred_to_by>
<crm:P70I.is_documented_in rdf:resource="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/AA1CD952-927D-41D7-B7AF-39520936CF95" />
</crm:E22.Man-Made_Object>
</rdf:RDF>
Arachne object record (part)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:crm="http://purl.org/NET/crm-owl#"
xmlns:claros="http://purl.org/NET/Claros/vocab#">
<crm:E22.Man-Made_Object rdf:about="http://arachne.uni-koeln.de/artifact/1-augustus-mit-adlerszepter">
<rdfs:label>Augustus mit Adlerszepter</rdfs:label>
<crm:P102.has_title>
<crm:E35.Title>
<rdf:value>Augustus mit Adlerszepter</rdf:value>
</crm:E35.Title>
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